The Calanques National Park, between environmental effort and urban effort

A national effort.

The 1990s were a difficult time for biomedical research in Canada. The USA vastly expanded its funding for biomedical research, particularly by doubling the budget of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), and many countries, including Japan, China and several EU nations, heavily invested in genomics research. However, repeated budgetary setbacks during the economic recession of the 1990s ...

Human parental effort and environmental risk.

Parental investment decisions depend on multiple factors, including the extent that parental care benefits offspring. Humans should show reduced parental effort in environments where parenting cannot improve offspring survival. Data from the standard cross-cultural sample are used to test this prediction. The results show that maternal care was inversely associated with famine and warfare, and ...

Waste of Effort? International Environmental Agreements

International cooperation will be critical to solving the world's toughest environmental problems, including climate change, ozone depletion, and biodiversity. Regrettably, most evidence suggests that the 1,000 or so different International Environmental Agreements (IEAs) operating today are ineffectual, merely ratifying business-as-usual outcomes and doing little to improve the environment. Bu...

An Effort to Address Environmental Protest

Over the past decade, the emergence of the `environmental protest' movement has created significant policing challenges for any force unfortunate enough to play `host' to a major road construction project. Once constructed, the Birmingham Northern Relief Road (BNRR) will be the United Kingdom's first `tolled motorway'. The scheme is hugely controversial because its environmental impact on 27 mi...

The Relationship between Environmental Quality and Elderly Presence Ability in Urban Open Spaces, Case Study: Laleh Park, Tehran